1) How many chambers does the heart have? Four
2)What are the two types of circulatory systems?
There are two main types of circulatory systems in higher organisms: open and closed circulatory systems. the pulmonary and the systemic.
3)What part of the vascular system carries out the exchange of gases and other substances between tissues?
Only capillaries carry out the exchange of gases and other substances between tissues.
4)What are the two main metabolic gases transported by blood?
The main metabolic gases transported by blood are molecular oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).
5)What are the valves of the venous system? What is their function?
The valves of the venous system are structures inside veins that make it so that blood only flows in the right direction (from tissues to the heart). preventing it from going backwards in favor of gravity. The valves close when the pressure of the fluid column above (afterwards, in terms of normal flow) is higher than the fluid pressure below them. Valves are therefore necessary for the process of blood returning to the heart.
6) What chambers of the heart does blood enter? From which does it exit the heart?
The chambers of the heart through which blood enters are the atria. There heart contains a right atrium and a left atrium.
The chambers of the heart through which blood exits are the ventricles. The heart contains a right ventricle and the a ventricle.
7) What are the vena cava? What type of blood circulates within the vena cava?
The vena cava are two large veins that empty into the right atrium. The superior vena cava drains all the blood that comes from the head, the upper limbs, the neck and the upper portion of the trunk. The inferior vena cava carries blood drained from the lower portion of the trunk and the lower limbs.
Venous blood circulates within the vena cava.
8) Which chamber of the heart does blood enter first? Where does blood go after passing through that chamber? What is the name of the valve that separates the chambers? Why is that valve necessary?
Venous blood from tissues arrives at the right atrium of the heart. From the right atrium, the blood goes to the right ventricle. The valve that separates the right ventricle from the right atrium is the tricuspid valve (a valve system made of three leaflets). The tricuspid valve is necessary to prevent blood from returning to the right atrium during systole (the contraction of the ventricles).
9) Do the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs contain arterial or venous blood? What happens to blood when it passes through the lungs?
Arteries of the pulmonary circulation carry venous blood and not arterial blood.
When blood goes through the alveolar capillaries of the lungs, hematosis (oxygenation) occurs and carbon dioxide is released to the exterior.
10) What are pulmonary veins? How many are there?
Pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation. They are vessels that carry oxygen-rich (arterial) blood from the lungs to the heart. There are four pulmonary veins, two that drain blood from the right lung and two that drain the left lung. The pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium, supplying the heart with arterial blood. Although they are veins, they carry arterial blood and not venous blood.
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